饮用桔汁能帮助预防癌症吗？

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饮用桔汁能帮助预防癌症吗？

当涉及癌症时，桔汁有很多潜在的积极作用，尤其因为它富含来自黄酮类的抗氧化物，例如橙皮素和异橙皮苷。来自先前体外试验的证据表明，桔汁能减少儿童中白血病的风险，也有助于乳腺癌、肝癌和结肠癌的化学预防。

体外桔汁的生物学效应大多由桔汁的组成影响，这取决于桔汁的生存环境，例如气候、土壤、果实成熟以及收获后的贮藏方法。

研究人员不否认桔汁过量饮用所致的潜在毒性，尤其是对儿童、高血压、肾脏受累以及糖尿病患者。来自这些人群的个体过量饮用桔汁有可能产生有害影响，高钾血症，而且在未经高温消毒的的情况下，过量饮用桔汁与食物过敏和细菌爆发都有关系。研究人员写到：“任何事物的过量吸收，即便是最健康的，也会导致氧化状态失衡。”

高度推荐进一步的研究来确定桔汁和癌症的化学预防之间的生物**系。像桔子培养的品种和饮用的量这样的问题，也将需要阐明。

总而言之，这篇评论文章总结了若干桔汁能促进化学预防的生物学效应，包含抗氧化作用、抗突变和抗遗传毒性的作用、细胞保护、激素和细胞信号调节作用。桔汁具有抗菌和抗病毒作用，并能调节有害物质的吸收。“桔汁能促进癌症发生和发展每一个分期的化学预防，”研究人员解释到：“在桔汁的生物学效应中，与化学预防最相关的是它的抗遗传毒性和抗突变作用，这在啮齿动物与人类中和细胞培养中已经被展示到。”

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原文链接：http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130913124127.htm

Can Drinking Orange Juice Aid in Cancer Prevention?

Orange juice has many potential positive effects when it comes to cancer, particularly because it is high in antioxidants from flavonoids such as hesperitin and naringinin. Evidence from previous in vitro studies has indicated that orange juice can reduce the risk of leukemia in children, as well as aid in chemoprevention against mammary, hepatic, and colon cancers. Biological effects of orange juice in vitro are largely influenced by the juice's composition, which is dependent on physiological conditions of the oranges such as climate, soil, fruit maturation, and storage methods post-harvest.

The researchers acknowledge potential toxicity from orange juice if consumed in excess amounts -- especially for children, hypertensive, kidney-compromised, and diabetics. Excessive drinking of orange juice for individuals from these groups has the potential to create noxious effects, hyperkalemia, and has been associated with both food allergies and bacterial outbreaks in cases where the juice was unpasteurized. "Excessive intake of any food, even for the healthiest, can lead to oxidative status imbalance," wrote the researchers.

Further research is highly recommended to determine the biological connection between orange juice and cancer chemoprevention. Issues such as the type of cultivar and the amount consumed will also need clarification.

Overall, the review article summarizes several biological effects of orange juice that can contribute to chemoprevention, including antioxidant, antimutagenic and antigenotoxic, cytoprotective, hormonal, and cell signaling modulating effects. Orange juice has antimicrobial and antiviral action and modulates the absorption of xenobiotics. "OJ could contribute to chemoprevention at every stage of cancer initiation and progression," the researchers explained. "Among the most relevant biological effects of OJ is the juice's antigenotoxic and antimutagenic potential, which was shown in cells in culture and in rodents and humans."