集权、计划失误和干部政治行为相互作用,促发并加剧大饥荒这一思路,与现有经济文献中对大饥荒成因的分析相辅相成。在粮食产量突降的情况下,偏向城市的食物分配体系(过度征购)、政治激进主义、公共食堂以及持续的粮食出口等因素都加剧了饥荒的严重性(例如,Yang ,1996;Chang and Wen,1997;Lin and Yang ,2000;Kung and Lin ,2003)。了解计划失策和政治行为的影响,有助于深挖以上诸多因素历史表象背后的内在机理。
研究“大跃进”期间的饥饿与营养不良对幸存者的长远影响也是一个重要课题。从中国长期人口数据看,“大跃进”期间人口死亡率急剧上升,人口出生率陡然下降(Lin and Yang,2000),人民饱受饥饿的困扰,这些因素势必影响几代出生队列人口的长期健康、收入和其他社会与经济行为,但是相应的研究仍然寥寥无几。可喜的是,近期已有几篇论文开始关注大饥荒对幸存者的身体健康(比如,成年后的身高及体重)、人力资本投入和经济福利(比如,劳动力供给和收入)带来的长期影响(例如,Luo et al1,2006;Chen and Zhou,2007;Almong et al1,2007;Meng and Qian,2009;Fleisher and Kim ,2009)。中国的饥荒数据具有丰富的时间序列变化和各省的截面变化,因此可以帮助研究者探究难以确定的因果关系。
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