Bloomberg: 美国就业市场曙光初现

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万维读者网记者唯一编译报道：随着美国经济的复苏，企业雇员也开始增加，根据统计数字，今年里连续三个月美国企业增加了雇员人数。经过两年的裁员，美国企业终于开始招人了。

根据本星期三的消息，美国四月份增加了32000个就业职位，这是自2008年一月以来最好的。

Bloomberg 刊登的文章说， 一些知名大公司如Caterpillar Inc和Berkshire Hathaway Inc，由于市场对他们的产品需求上升而增加了雇员。经济学家预期五月美国政府公司的就业数字一定会有明显上升，因为政府为了2010人口普查而增加很多短期雇员。

Moody’s Economy.com的资深经济学家Aaron Smith说，私营企业也在增加雇员，但是速度不够快。当今年做夏天人口普查的短期就业职位消失时，希望私营企业可以加速雇人以减少就业市场将出现的疲软现象。

受希腊债务问题影响，全球股市下跌，美国的标准普尔指数一度跌到1161点，与此同时，欧元下跌，美国债券上升。

Macroeconomic Advisers LLC的首席经济学家Joel Prakken说：就业市场已经出现转机，虽然现在还不是很明显，但是我们会看到就业机会大量的增加。

四月份美国企业裁员数字降低到了自 2006年七月来最低的水平，这是美国经济复苏在就业方面的一个迹象。

2009年九月时企业的计划中裁员数字是132590人次，到今年四月降低了71%，只有38326人次。这个数字也是自2000年六月以来最低的。

预期，本星期五美国劳务部将公布在四月里增加就业职位 189000个，失业率保持在9.7%，去年十月美国失业率达到26年新高点10.1%。从2007年危机开始美国一共失去了840万个就业职位，这是自二次大战以来最糟糕的。

去年股神巴菲特的公司Berkshire Hathaway裁员两万人次，但是他说现在随着经济复苏需求上升公司又开始雇人了，而且不裁只雇。

虽然就业市场有所好转，但是普通人暂时还感觉不到，因此不相信经济复苏。专家说要等到连续两三个月每个月就业职位增加20到25万个时，人们才会相信经济确实复苏了。

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ADP Says U.S. Companies Boosted Employment in April (Update3)

By Timothy R. Homan

May 5 (Bloomberg) -- Companies in the U.S. added workers in April for a third month, according to data based on private payrolls.

The 32,000 increase was the most since January 2008 and followed a revised 19,000 gain the prior month, data from ADP Employer Services showed today. Over the previous six months, ADP’s initial figures compared with the Labor Department’s first estimate of private payrolls have overstated losses by as much as 151,000 in November and underestimated gains by 146,000 in March.

Companies from Caterpillar Inc. to Berkshire Hathaway Inc. are boosting staff to meet rising demand as consumers and businesses spend more. Economists surveyed by Bloomberg News project the government’s report May 7 will show payrolls increased in April, in part due to temporary hiring by the federal government to conduct the 2010 census.

“Private employment will add jobs, but slowly,” Aaron Smith, a senior economist at Moody’s Economy.com in West Chester, Pennsylvania, said before the report. “Private hiring needs to accelerate to prevent a substantial softening in the labor market when census hiring ends this summer.”

The ADP figures were forecast to show a gain of 30,000 jobs, according to the median estimate of 32 economists surveyed by Bloomberg. Projections ranged from no change to an 80,000 rise.

Stocks, Greece

Stock-index futures extended earlier losses after the report on growing concern the debt crisis affecting Greece will spread through the region. The contract on the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index fell 1 percent to 1,161.3 at 9:01 a.m. in New York. Treasury securities climbed and the euro dropped.

“Employment has turned a corner,” Joel Prakken, chairman of Macroeconomic Advisers LLC in St. Louis, which produces the figures with ADP, said in a conference call with reporters after the report. “The gains so far remain muted, and we’re going to have to see stronger gains in employment for this recovery to take on a self-perpetuating aspect.”

Job cuts announced by U.S. employers plunged in April to the lowest level since July 2006, a sign the labor market is on the mend as the world’s largest economy recovers, another report today showed.

Planned firings dropped 71 percent to 38,326 from 132,590 in April 2009, according to figures from Chicago-based Challenger, Gray & Christmas Inc. The reading was the second- lowest since June 2000.

Payroll Gains

The Labor Department’s report in two days is forecast to show payrolls rose by 189,000 in April and the unemployment rate was 9.7 percent for a fourth consecutive month, according to the survey median. The jobless rate reached a 26-year high of 10.1 percent in October.

The economy lost 8.4 million jobs during the recession that began in December 2007, the most of any downturn in the post- World War II era. In March, U.S. payrolls rose by 162,000.

Today’s ADP report showed a decrease of 18,000 workers in goods-producing industries including manufacturers and construction companies. Service providers added 50,000 workers.

Employment in construction fell by 49,000, while factories gained 29,000 jobs, ADP said.

Companies employing more than 499 workers expanded their workforces by 14,000 jobs. Medium-sized businesses, with 50 to 499 employees, added 17,000 jobs and small companies increased payrolls by 1,000, ADP said.

Buffett Hiring

Billionaire Warren Buffett, whose Berkshire Hathaway company cut more than 20,000 jobs last year, said his company is now adding staff as the economic recovery boosts demand at its industrial units.

“We do hire people when we have something for them to do,” Buffett told investors last week in Omaha, Nebraska, where Berkshire held its annual shareholders’ meeting. “We are a net hirer now.”

The ADP report is based on data from about 360,000 businesses with more than 22 million workers on payrolls. ADP began keeping records in January 2001 and started publishing its numbers in 2006.

To contact the reporter on this story: Timothy R. Homan in Washington at thoman1@bloomberg.net
Last Updated: May 5, 2010 09:05 EDT

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