如何在家控制普通感冒?

ranchgirl

如何在家控制普通感冒?

普通感冒-如何在家治疗

感冒是很常见的疾病。因为感冒而去看医生往往是没有必要的且感冒通常会在3-4天得到缓解。

称为病毒的一类微生物引起绝大多数的感冒。有许多类型的病毒可以引起感冒。你的症状可能会有所不同，这取决于你携带什么样的病毒。

常见的感冒症状包括：

畏寒发热（100°F或更高）

头痛、肌肉酸痛和疲劳

咳嗽

鼻部症状如鼻塞、流鼻涕（黄色或绿色的鼻涕）以及打喷嚏

喉咙痛

治疗你的感冒

对症治疗不会使感冒痊愈，但会帮助你感觉好一些。治疗普通感冒几乎从来不需要抗生素。

对乙酰氨基酚（泰诺）和布洛芬（Advil，布洛芬）有助于解热并缓解肌肉酸痛。

不要使用阿司匹林。

检查适当剂量的标签。

如果您需要服用这些药物每天4次或超过2天或3天以上，打电话咨询你的医生。

非处方（OTC）感冒药和咳嗽药可能有助于缓解成人和大龄儿童的症状。

不建议6岁以下的儿童服用。给你的孩子服用OTC感冒药前最好向你的医生咨询，因为它可以产生严重的副作用。

咳嗽是你的身体清除肺部黏液的方式。因此只有当你的咳嗽变得太痛苦的时候再使用止咳糖浆。

咽喉含片或喷雾治疗您的喉咙痛。

你买的许多咳嗽药和感冒药里面都有一个以上药物成分。仔细阅读标签以确保你没有过多服用任何一种药物。如果你服用治疗其他健康问题的处方药物，请向你的医疗服务人员咨询哪种OTC感冒药对你是安全的。

多喝水，得到充足的睡眠，并远离二手烟。

如果你有哮喘，那么喘息是一种常见的感冒症状。

如果你发生喘息，按规定使用救援吸入器。

如果你变得难以呼吸，则立即去见医生。

家庭疗法

许多治疗普通感冒的家庭疗法很流行。其中包括维生素C、锌补充剂和松果菊属植物。

虽然有效性没有得到很好的证明，大多数家庭疗法对多数人来说是安全的。

然而，一些家庭疗法可能会引起副作用或过敏反应。

它们还可能改变医疗服务人员提的其他药品作用方式。

向你的医疗服务人员咨询，然后再尝试任何草药和补品。

预防感冒的传播

常洗双手保持清洁。这是最好的阻止微生物传播的方式。

正确洗手：

湿手擦肥皂并持续20秒。确保肥皂到达你的指甲。用干净的纸巾擦干双手，并用纸巾关闭水龙头。

你也可以使用酒精类洗手液。用一角硬币大小的量涂抹你的双手直到变干为止。

预防感冒的其他提示：

当你生病的时候待在家里。

咳嗽或打喷嚏时用纸巾或到你的胳膊肘遮挡，而不是直接到空气中。

接种最新的疫苗。

什么情况下该叫医生

请首先尝试在家治疗你的感冒。马上打电话给你的健康服务人员或去急诊室，如果你有：

呼吸困难

突发性胸痛或腹痛

突然头晕

行为怪异

严重呕吐不止

你也可以打电话给你的医生，如果：

你开始行为怪异。

7-10天后，你的症状加重或没有改善。

ranchgirl

Common cold - how to treat at home

Colds are very common. A visit to the doctor’s office is often not needed, and colds usually get better in 3 - 4 days.

A type of germ called a virus causes most colds. There are many types of viruses that can cause a cold. Depending on what virus you have, your symptoms may vary.

Common symptoms of a cold include:

    Fever (100 °F or higher) in chills
    Headache, sore muscles, and fatigue
    Cough
    Nasal symptoms, such as stuffiness, runny nose, yellow or green snot, and sneezing,
    Sore throat



Treating your Cold

Treating your symptoms will not make your cold go away, but will help you feel better. Antibiotics are almost never needed to treat a common cold.

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) help lower fever and relieve muscle aches.

    Do NOT use aspirin.
    Check the label for the proper dose.
    Call your doctor if you need to take these medicines more than 4 times per day or for more than 2 or 3 days.



Over-the-counter (OTC) cold and cough medicines may help ease symptoms in adults and older children.

    They are not recommended for children under age 6. Talk to your doctor before giving your child OTC cold medicine, which can have serious side effects.
    Coughing is your body’s way of getting mucus out of your lungs. So use cough syrups only when your cough becomes too painful.
    Throat lozenges or sprays for your sore throat.



Many cough and cold medicines you buy have more than one medicine inside. Read the labels carefully to make sure you don't take too much of any one medicine. If you take prescription medications for another health problem, ask your health care provide which OTC cold medications are safe for you.

Drink plenty of fluids, get enough sleep, and stay away from secondhand smoke.

Wheezing can be a common symptom of a cold if you have asthma.

    Use rescue inhaler as prescribed if you are wheezing.
    See your doctor immediately if it becomes hard to breathe.



Home Remedies

Many home remedies are popular treatments for the common cold. These include vitamin C, zinc supplements, and echinacea.

Although not well proven to help, most home remedies are safe for most people.

    However, some may cause side effects or allergic reactions.
    They may also change the way other medicines your health care provider has given you work.
    Talk to your health care provider before trying any herbs and supplements.



Preventing the Spread of Colds

Keep your hands clean by washing them often. This is the best way to stop the spread of germs.

To wash your hands correctly:

    Rub soap onto wet hands for 20 seconds. Make sure to get under your fingernails. Dry your hands with a clean paper towel and turn faucet off with paper towel.
    You can also use alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Use a dime size amount and rub all over your hands until they are dry.



Other tips to prevent colds:

    Stay home when you are sick.
    Cough or sneeze into a tissue or into the crease of your elbow, not into the air.
    Keep your vaccinations up to date.



When to Call the Doctor

Try treating your cold at home first. Call your health care provider right away, or go to the emergency room, if you have:

    Difficulty breathing
    Sudden chest pain or abdominal pain
    Sudden dizziness
    Acting strangely
    Severe vomiting that does not go away



Also call your doctor if:

    You start acting strangely.
    Your symptoms get worse or do not improve after 7 - 10 days.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlinepl ... ructions/000466.htm

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