信仰宗教的程度和智力的关系

在美一方

在美一方

数据来源;

Kanazawa et al. Why Liberals and Atheists Are More Intelligent. Social Psychology Quarterly March 2010 vol. 73 no. 1 33-57

摘要：
The origin of values and preferences is an unresolved theoretical question in behavioral and social sciences. The Savanna-IQ Interaction Hypothesis, derived from the Savanna Principle and a theory of the evolution of general intelligence, suggests that more intelligent individuals may be more likely to acquire and espouse evolutionarily novel values and preferences (such as liberalism and atheism and, for men, sexual exclusivity) than less intelligent individuals, but that general intelligence may have no effect on the acquisition and espousal of evolutionarily familiar values (for children, marriage, family, and friends). The analyses of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Study 1) and the General Social Surveys (Study 2) show that adolescent and adult intelligence significantly increases adult liberalism, atheism, and men’s (but not women’s) value on sexual exclusivity.

在美一方

Science Daily上的相关报道：
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/02/100224132655.htm

Science News

Liberals and Atheists Smarter? Intelligent People Have Values Novel in Human Evolutionary History, Study Finds

ScienceDaily (Feb. 24, 2010) — More intelligent people are statistically significantly more likely to exhibit social values and religious and political preferences that are novel to the human species in evolutionary history.  Specifically, liberalism and atheism, and for men (but not women), preference for sexual exclusivity correlate with higher intelligence, a new study finds.

The study, published in the March 2010 issue of the peer-reviewed scientific journal Social Psychology Quarterly, advances a new theory to explain why people form particular preferences and values.  The theory suggests that more intelligent people are more likely than less intelligent people to adopt evolutionarily novel preferences and values, but intelligence does not correlate with preferences and values that are old enough to have been shaped by evolution over millions of years."

"Evolutionarily novel" preferences and values are those that humans are not biologically designed to have and our ancestors probably did not possess.  In contrast, those that our ancestors had for millions of years are "evolutionarily familiar."

"General intelligence, the ability to think and reason, endowed our ancestors with advantages in solving evolutionarily novel problems for which they did not have innate solutions," says Satoshi Kanazawa, an evolutionary psychologist at the London School of Economics and Political Science.  "As a result, more intelligent people are more likely to recognize and understand such novel entities and situations than less intelligent people, and some of these entities and situations are preferences, values, and lifestyles."

An earlier study by Kanazawa found that more intelligent individuals were more nocturnal, waking up and staying up later than less intelligent individuals.  Because our ancestors lacked artificial light, they tended to wake up shortly before dawn and go to sleep shortly after dusk.  Being nocturnal is evolutionarily novel.

In the current study, Kanazawa argues that humans are evolutionarily designed to be conservative, caring mostly about their family and friends, and being liberal, caring about an indefinite number of genetically unrelated strangers they never meet or interact with, is evolutionarily novel.  So more intelligent children may be more likely to grow up to be liberals.

Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) support Kanazawa's hypothesis.  Young adults who subjectively identify themselves as "very liberal" have an average IQ of 106 during adolescence while those who identify themselves as "very conservative" have an average IQ of 95 during adolescence.

Similarly, religion is a byproduct of humans' tendency to perceive agency and intention as causes of events, to see "the hands of God" at work behind otherwise natural phenomena.  "Humans are evolutionarily designed to be paranoid, and they believe in God because they are paranoid," says Kanazawa.  This innate bias toward paranoia served humans well when self-preservation and protection of their families and clans depended on extreme vigilance to all potential dangers.  "So, more intelligent children are more likely to grow up to go against their natural evolutionary tendency to believe in God, and they become atheists."

Young adults who identify themselves as "not at all religious" have an average IQ of 103 during adolescence, while those who identify themselves as "very religious" have an average IQ of 97 during adolescence.

In addition, humans have always been mildly polygynous in evolutionary history.  Men in polygynous marriages were not expected to be sexually exclusive to one mate, whereas men in monogamous marriages were.  In sharp contrast, whether they are in a monogamous or polygynous marriage, women were always expected to be sexually exclusive to one mate.  So being sexually exclusive is evolutionarily novel for men, but not for women.  And the theory predicts that more intelligent men are more likely to value sexual exclusivity than less intelligent men, but general intelligence makes no difference for women's value on sexual exclusivity.  Kanazawa's analysis of Add Health data supports these sex-specific predictions as well.

One intriguing but theoretically predicted finding of the study is that more intelligent people are no more or no less likely to value such evolutionarily familiar entities as marriage, family, children, and friends.

在美一方

据我个人对周围的观察，可能因为圈子里毕竟都是高智商的人，我观察到的趋势是，越不思考的人越倾向于信基督教这种东西。

面瓜

在美一方 发表于 2011-6-11 18:53
据我个人对周围的观察，可能因为圈子里毕竟都是高智商的人，我观察到的趋势是，越不思考的人越倾向于信基督 ...

同意,
有些思考的人会信佛教,但很少见喜欢思考的人信基督教.

佛教有一点反科学，但不反思考。
基督教既反科学又反思考。

在美一方

回复 面瓜 的帖子

有道理，不过我的个人看法是，所有宗教本质上都是非理性。当然，反思考反人性以犹太教基督教伊斯兰教三兄弟为甚。

面瓜

非理性，并不防碍思考啊。

有种思考叫误入歧途

在美一方

回复 面瓜 的帖子

然。我就发现有些人胡乱思考的境界惊人，就像乡版主以前说过的，一些读了道啊佛的皮毛之人，特喜欢往基督教那儿联系。这里就有啊

morning

在美，我没得罪你呀，怎么变成皮毛之人了？

在美一方

回复 morning 的帖子

看见俺那个限定词“一些”没？

乡下人进城

morning 发表于 2011-6-11 23:40
在美，我没得罪你呀，怎么变成皮毛之人了？

多心了吧？你肯定不在俺妹子说的“一些”里

乡下人进城

在美一方 发表于 2011-6-11 19:14
回复 面瓜 的帖子

然。我就发现有些人胡乱思考的境界惊人，就像乡版主以前说过的，一些读了道啊佛的皮毛 ...

怀疑是被当今佛教中的某几个浆糊大师的“所有的宗教都教人向善”高论给搅的。这种“高论”遇到懂点儿佛学的人，一招就败下阵来。
我针对这个谬论写过个帖子，忘了是不是在这里发过

morning

吓得俺出了一身冷汗，还以为自己被几位大佬不点名的批评了呢。。呵呵

在美一方

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